Tag Archives: thailand

Business Fights Corruption in Thailand

 

Dr. Pakdee Pothisiri, Commissioner of Thailand's National Anti-Corruption Commission, at an IOD event in Bangkok. (Photo: CIPE)

Dr. Pakdee Pothisiri, Commissioner of Thailand’s National Anti-Corruption Commission, at an IOD event in Bangkok. (Photo: CIPE)

Corruption is one of the world’s most pervasive and vexing problems, costing the global economy hundreds of billions of dollars each year and stalling economic growth in many developing countries. Though most anti-corruption efforts focus on government-driven solutions in Thailand, the private sector, with CIPE’s assistance, has taken the lead in stamping out corrupt practices.

Writing in the Bangkok Post, CIPE Program Officer John Morrell describes how this unique program took shape, and why private companies have taken such an interest in what is usually regarded as a problem for the government.

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Business Shows Clear Commitment to Fighting Corruption in Thailand

thailand-iod-participants

Participants at the January IOD training included senior officers from some of the largest local and multinational companies in Thailand.

In late January, more than 30 senior officers from 17 major Thai and multinational corporations attended an intensive anti-corruption training program led by the Thai Institute of Directors (IOD). This pilot two-day training course is the latest groundbreaking step in the Collective Action against Corruption campaign, now in its third year, being led by CIPE and IOD.

With technical and financial assistance from CIPE, IOD has assembled a still-expanding coalition of companies and business associations committed to fighting corruption in Thailand. To join this coalition, a company signs IOD’s Collective Action against Corruption Declaration which lays out tangible and specific steps that a company must take to proactively reduce corruption-related risks on the part of its employees, managers, and vendors. But signing this document is no mere photo-op, because to remain a member of this coalition, a company must submit to an external evaluation to verify whether or not it is actually doing what it has promised to do.

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Private Sector Fight Against Corruption in Thailand Gains Momentum

UK Foreign Secretary William Hague with IOD Chairwoman Khunying Jada in Bangkok

When the Thai military overthrew an elected government in 2006, and when the Supreme Court disbanded another elected government in 2008, corruption was the principal stated justification. Public perceptions and allegations of corruption can undermine government in Thailand to such an extent that democratically elected governments often lack public legitimacy in the eyes of competing (and color coordinated) segments of Thai society, who came out in droves to protest in red or yellow shirts depending on their political affiliation.

So the resounding victory of Yingluck Shinawatra in Thailand’s 2011 parliamentary elections – which marked just the second time since 1932 that a single party gained control of parliament – should not be perceived as a triumph of democracy in the country. Indeed, the only other time that a single party controlled parliament was in 2005 when Yingluck’s brother Thaksin Shinawatra won by an even larger electoral margin. Less than one year later, he was deposed in a military coup. Clearly, the situation in Thailand demonstrates that the consolidation of democratic principles and practices in a country requires more than just the ability to vote, and corruption is among the paramount obstacles to be overcome.

With the long-term goal of reducing corruption and promoting transparency in the Thai marketplace, CIPE launched a project in July 2010 with the Thai Institute of Directors (IOD) to cultivate private sector support for national anti-corruption initiatives. Since then, CIPE and IOD have designed a collective action strategy for reducing corruption in Thailand, assembled a still-expanding coalition of companies and business associations committed to that strategy, and developed a series of training programs and certification processes that ensure that coalition companies are actually doing what they pledge to do on anti-corruption.

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Thai Banks Join Anti-Corruption Effort

IOD and Thai Banks Join Hands in the Fight Against Corruption (Photo: The Post Today).

On March 27, nine commercial banks jointly signed the Anti-Corruption Declaration of the Thai Institute of Directors (IOD). This Declaration lays out tangible and specific steps that a company must take to combat corruption on the part of its employees, managers and vendors, and is the unifying document of IOD’s Collective Action Against Corruption campaign.

With CIPE support and technical assistance, IOD has built a private sector coalition of Thailand’s largest businesses and most influential business associations united in their commitment to tackle the supply side of corruption. These nine banks are the latest to join this coalition, and they now take rank with Thai and multinational firms such as PTT, Thai Airways, Siam Cement, the Shin Corporation, Toshiba Thailand, Pfizer Thailand, and Siemens Thailand.

One of the business associations in IOD’s anti-corruption coalition is the Thai Bankers’ Association (TBA), and all nine of the banks that joined on Tuesday are TBA members. There are now 15 Thai banks in IOD’s coalition, representing the full membership of the TBA.

Speaking of the significance of this event, IOD President and CEO Bandid Nijathaworn said “this is a major step [in the fight against corruption] in that this is the first time that all of an association’s member companies are part of the coalition.” The Chairwoman of IOD, Khunying Jada Wattanasiritham, echoed these sentiments by explaining that this campaign is the paramount collective action initiative in Thailand today.

This event attracted considerable media attention, with the Nation – one of the country’s biggest English-language dailies – penning an article lauding the banks for their effort “to prevent and suppress graft.” But this was not a mere photo-op. To join IOD’s anti-corruption coalition, companies must make concrete promises, and concrete steps must be taken to fulfill these promises.

When a company or business association signs IOD’s Anti-Corruption Declaration, they pledge to implement strong anti-bribery policies and anti-corruption controls in their organization. They also pledge to send senior executives and compliance staff to IOD-led anti-corruption training programs. Perhaps most significantly, coalition members must submit to an external verification to certify whether or not they’re actually doing what they promise to do. If they aren’t, they will be removed from the coalition.

This private sector coalition, the members of which all voluntarily stepped forward to take part, is having a tremendous impact onThailand’s fight against corruption. Because corruption distorts markets, denies citizens and businesses the benefits of free competition, and retards economic development, reducing corruption is among Thailand’s paramount development goals.

Moreover, in a country in which rampant corruption has directly and repeatedly contributed to the destabilization of the political process, this anti-corruption initiative of the Thai Institute of Directors is making invaluable contributions to Thailand’s democratic development as well.

Inferior Regulations

Several public officials in Thailand are apparently guilty of submitting false disaster reports to claim funds from the emergency relief fund.  The fact itself is not that exciting in Thailand, a country where corruption has become a household name.  What’s more interesting is one of the main reasons public officials were able to do it – “disaster” was not clearly defined in regulations.

Weak legal definitions are one of the understated root sources of corruption.  In Russia, for instance, the legal definition of government official does not cover all public servants, which means that some get a pass from the anti-corruption legislations enacted by Russian authorities.

The State of Democracy in Thailand

On December 2nd, the Thai Constitutional Court ruled against the governing coalition parties led by People Power Party (PPP) on vote-buying charges and ordered the parties to disband. The incumbent Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat was ousted shortly afterwards, ending a several-month long anti-government protest by the People Alliance for Democracy (PAD), which largely represents the urban elite. The ruling would seem to support the PAD’s persistent claim that Somchai was not a proper, democratic leader but another corrupt proxy of the hated Thaksin clan. Democracy, it would appear, has prevailed, though at huge expense: Thailand’s reputation as a safe business environment and friendly tourist destination has been shattered.

However, some argue that the court’s ruling, the protests, and the silence of Thailand’s respected King effectively constituted a political coup of the government that, while unpopular among the middle class, was nevertheless elected by the people at large.

The King’s role in recent events has been a particularly hot topic. The country’s revered symbol did not intervene in the stalemate between the PAD and the PPP. His silence spoke volumes with many interpreting this as tacit approval of the PAD demonstrations. Sharing this point of view, the Economist magazine of this week featured a story entitled ”A Right Royal Mess” that discusses the critical and controversial role that King Bhumibol Adulyadej has played in Thailand’s modern political development and the recent “yellow-shirt” protests.

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Back from Exile

According to his supporters, the former PM of Thailand, Thaksin Shinawatra, will return from exile this Thursday. Thaksin has been living in London since the coup in 2006 that deposed him. Thaksin’s wife, Pojaman Shinawatra, returned on January 8th and was immediately arrested on arrival in Bangkok for violations of stock-trading and land sales.

No stranger to controversy, the Shinawatra’s have been accused of dictatorship, theft, treason, nepotism, corruption, and insider trading — just to name a few.

When Thaksin returns on Thursday, he still faces an outstanding indictment on corruption. For the millions of diehard Thaksin fans, this homecoming will be a celebration — a confirmation of the failure of those generals who, in an attempt to ruin his political career, ousted him 17 months ago.

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